Someone struggling with substance use disorder experiences a chronic disease characterized by compulsive drug seeking and use despite harmful consequences. This compulsive behavior stems from changes in brain structure and function, affecting judgment, decision-making, learning, memory, and behavior control. For example, an individual might continue using a substance even after losing their job, damaging relationships, or experiencing serious health problems.
Understanding substance use disorder as a medical condition, rather than a moral failing, is crucial for effective prevention and treatment. This perspective destigmatizes the experience, encouraging individuals to seek help without shame or fear of judgment. Historically, addiction has been viewed as a character flaw, leading to punitive measures rather than compassionate care. The shift towards a medical model acknowledges the complex interplay of biological, psychological, and social factors contributing to this disorder, paving the way for evidence-based interventions and improved outcomes.