This approach to translating biblical texts prioritizes replicating the precise vocabulary and grammatical structure of the original language (such as Hebrew, Aramaic, or Greek) in the target language (like English). For example, if the Greek uses a specific verb tense, the translation aims to reflect that same tense in English, even if it sounds slightly unnatural or archaic. This method is also known as formal equivalence or literal translation.
Proponents value this method for its perceived fidelity to the original text, believing it allows readers to encounter the source language’s nuances and structure. Historically, such translations have played a significant role in scholarly study, providing a close linguistic comparison between languages and facilitating detailed textual analysis. This emphasis on precision can be particularly valuable for theological discussions and debates where specific word choices carry significant weight.